Are serum S100β proteins and neuron-specific enolase predictors of cerebral damage in cardiovascular surgery?

Time course changes of S100β protein. Mean ± SD (A), individual changes in the CPB group (B) and in the SCP group (C). Horizontal scale indicates the time points of sampling: 1= after anesthetic induction, 2=after heparinization, 3=after aortic declamp or termination of SCP, 4=after termination of CPB, 5=at the end of operation, 6=1 day after operation, 7=2 days after operation. At time point 7, n=5 and n=3 in the CPB group and SCP group, respectively. Solid symbols represent the patients with hemoglobinurina. Arrows represent the peak S100β protein concentrations of the patients who received valvular surgery. # P < 0.05 versus after anesthetic induction phase.

Time course changes of NSE. Mean ± SD (A), individual changes in the CPB group (B) and in the SCP group (C). Horizontal scale indicates the time points of sampling: 1= after anesthetic induction, 2=after heparinization, 3=after aortic declamp or termination of SCP, 4=after termination of CPB, 5=at the end of operation, 6=1 day after operation, 7=2 days after operation. At time point 7, n=4 and n=3 in the CPB group and SCP group, respectively. Solid symbols represent the patients with hemoglobinurina. Arrow represents the peak NSE concentrations of the patient who received valvular surgery. # P < 0.05 versus after anesthetic induction phase.

S100β protein (A) and NSE (B) concentrations in the serum of blood, blood from the surgical field (Surgical) and cell-saving device (Cell saver). Data are mean ± SD. * P < 0.05 versus serum concentration.

Influence of hemolysis on the levels of S100β and NSE. Data are mean ± SD. # P < 0.05 versus the values without hemolysis (free Hb=0).