Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 515-519 , August 2006

Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine and Propofol-Ketamine Combinations for Anesthesia in Spontaneously Breathing Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization

References 

  1. Morray JP , Lynn AM , Stamm SJ , et al.   Hemodynamic effects of ketamine in children with congenital heart disease . Anesth Analg . 1984;63:895–899
  2. Berman W , Fripp RR , Rubler M . Hemodynamic effects of ketamine in children undergoing cardiac catheterization . Pediatr Cardiol . 1990;11:72–76
  3. Williams GD , Jones TK , Kimberley AH , et al.   The hemodynamic effects of propofol in children with congenital heart disease . Anesth Analg . 1999;89:1411–1416
  4. Oklu E , Bulutcu FS , Yalcın Y , et al.   Which anesthetic agent alters the hemodynamic status during pediatric catheterization? Comparison of propofol versus ketamine . J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth . 2003;17:686–690
  5. Lebovic S , Reich DL , Steinberg LG , et al.   Comparison of propofol versus ketamine for anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization . Anesth Analg . 1992;74:490–494
  6. Jobeir A , Galal MO , Bulbul ZR , et al.   Use of low-dose ketamine and/or midazolam for pediatric cardiac catheterization (Is an anesthesiologist needed?) . Pediatr Cardiol . 2003;24:236–243
  7. Kogan A , Efrat R , Katz J . Propofol-ketamine mixture for anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization . J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth . 2003;17:691–693
  8. Bhana N , Goa KL , McClellan KJ . Dexmedetomidine . Drugs . 2000;59:263–268
  9. Ard J , Doyle W , Bekker A . Awake craniotomy with dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients . J Neurosurg Anesthesiol . 2003;15:263–266
  10. Tobias JD , Berkenbosch JW . Initial experience with dexmedetomidine in paediatric-aged patients . Paediatr Anaesth . 2002;12:171–175
  11. Tobias JD , Berkenbosch JW , Russo P . Additional experience with dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients . South Med J . 2003;96:871–875
  12. Tobias JD . Controlled hypotension in children (A critical review of available agents) . Paediatr Drugs . 2002;4:439–453
  13. Fahy CJ , Okumura M . Sedation for paediatric stereotactic radiosurgery (The dexmedetomidine experience) . Anaesth Intensive Care . 2004;32:809–811
  14. Ramsay MA , Savege TM , Simpson BR . Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone . BMJ . 1974;22:656–659
  15. Steward DJ . A simplified scoring system for the post-operative recovery room . Can Anaesth Soc J . 1975;22:111–113
  16. White PF , Way WL , Trevor AJ . Ketamine (Pharmacology and therapeutic uses) . Anesthesiology . 1982;56:119–136
  17. Reves JG , Glass PSA , Lubarsky DA . Nonbarbiturate intravenous anesthetics . In:  Miller RD editors. Anesthesia . New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1994;p. 247–289
  18. Gozal D , Rein AJ , Nir A . Propofol does not modify the hemodynamic status of children with intracardiac shunts undergoing cardiac catheterization . Pediatr Cardiol . 2001;22:488–490
  19. Venn RM , Grounds RM . Comparison between dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation in the intensive care unit (Patient and clinician perceptions) . Br J Anaesth . 2001;87:684–690
  20. Overly FL , Wright RO , Connor FA , et al.   Bispectral analysis during deep sedation of pediatric oral surgery patients . J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 2005;63:215–219
  21. Overly FL , Wright RO , Connor FA , et al.   Bispectral analysis during pediatric procedural sedation . Pediatr Emerg Care . 2005;21:6–11
  22. Whyte SD , Booker PD . Bispectral index during isoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients . Anesth Analg . 2004;98:1644–1649
  23. Ferrer-Allado T , Brechner VL , Dymond A , et al.   Ketamine-induced electroconvulsive phenomena in the human limbic and thalamic regions . Anesthesiology . 1973;38:333–344
  24. Manocha A , Sharma KK , Mediratta PK . Possible mechanism of anticonvulsant effect of ketamine in mice . Indian J Exp Biol . 2001;39:1002–1008
  25. Whittington RA , Virag L , Vulliemoz Y , et al.   Dexmedetomidine increases the cocaine seizure threshold in rats . Anesthesiology . 2002;97:693–700
  26. Mirski MA , Rossell LA , McPherson RW , et al.   Dexmedetomidine decreases seizure threshold in a rat model of experimental generalized epilepsy . Anesthesiology . 1994;81:1422–1428
  27. Cannon ML , Glazier SS , Bauman LA . Metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiovascular collapse after prolonged propofol infusion . J Neurosurg . 2001;95:1053–1056
  28. Cornfield DN , Tegtmeyer K , Nelson MD , et al.   Continious propofol infusion in 142 critically ill children . Pediatrics . 2002;110:1177–1181
  29. Wheeler DS , Vaux KK , Ponaman ML . The safe and effective use of propofol sedation in children undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (Experience in a pediatric ICU and a review of the literature) . Pediatr Emerg Care . 2003;19:385–392

PII: S1053-0770(05)00294-6

doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2005.07.018

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 515-519 , August 2006