ABIOMED AB5000 ventricle, intraoperative off-bypass management of, 76–78
Acetaminophen
intravenous, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 306–309
with thoracic epidural anesthesia, for thoracotomy, 475–478
Acid-base management, at body temperature extremes, fentanyl pKa and, 759–762
Activated partial thromboplastin time, volume expander effects on, 358–361
Acute respiratory distress, transesophageal echocardiography in, 242–249
Adenosine, for myocardial protection, in off-pump CABG surgery, 672
Afibrinogenemia, cardiac surgery in, 109–117
Air embolism, ventricular, after cardiac surgery, 406–408
Airway
foreign body removal from, in pediatric patients, 90–92
obstruction of
cystic mediastinal mass aspiration for, 781–784
in jugular venous puncture, 659–660
off-pump CABG surgery with subtotal thyroidectomy in, 79–82
Albuminuria, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192
Analgesia, postoperative. See Postoperative pain
Anesthesia
epidural. See Epidural anesthesia
fast-track. See Fast-track anesthesia
general, for CABG surgery
fast-track, 49–53
off-pump, 32–38
Aneurysm
aortic, repair of
cerebrospinal fluid drainage during, 392–399
diastolic function during, 165–172
retrograde cerebral perfusion during, 650–653
atrial septal, transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149, 529–538
endovascular repair of, anesthesiologist needed for
evidence against, 806–809
evidence for, 802–805
Angioplasty
carotid, with stenting, for stroke prevention, 539–541
coronary, cardiopulmonary bypass for, 501–504
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, for diastolic dysfunction, in elderly persons, 231–234
Animal studies
inflammatory response in cardiopulmonary bypass, 488–493
myocardial calcium cycling, 340–344
Anticoagulants, preoperative, risk/benefit of, 1–3, 768–771
Antifibrinolytic agents, for thoracic aortic surgery, 453–458
Aorta
aneurysm of, repair of
cerebrospinal fluid drainage during, 392–399
diastolic function during, 165–172
endovascular, anesthesiologist needed for, 802–805, 806–809
retrograde cerebral perfusion during, 650–653
cross-clamping of
in aneurysm repair, diastolic function and, 165–172
release of, pacing electrocardiography after, 810–811
dissection of, paroxysmal sympathetic storms after, 654–655
surgery on
antifibrinolytic use in, 453–458
with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, outcomes of, 446–452
sepsis after, immunoglobulins for, 440–445
Aortic valve
graft for, thrombosis of, in pregnancy, 222–224
prosthetic, intra-annular leak of, 691–692
regurgitation of, after left ventricular assist device placement, 409–410
replacement of, autologous transfusions for, 589–596
stenosis of, with patent ductus arteriosus, 785–786
surgery on, vs. analgesia type, 176–181
Apolipoprotein E, in cardiac surgery, polymorphisms of, 382, 385
Arterial switch operations, outcome of, 322–328
Arteries. See specific arteries
Aspiration, of cystic mediastinal mass, for airway compression, 781–784
Atrial fibrillation
in CABG surgery, magnesium supplementation for, 723–729
after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187
in cardiac surgery, genetic factors in, 384
after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452
Atrial muscle, contractility of, remifentanil effects on, 763–767
Atrial myxoma, infection of, septic shock in, 508–511
Atrial septal aneurysm, transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149, 529–538
Atrial septal defects, closure of
autologous transfusions for, 589–596
cardiopulmonary bypass in, in moyamoya disease, 499–500
mini-extracorporeal circulation for, 656–658
Atrioventricular block, complete, pacemaker implantation for, in pediatric patients, 212–216
Atrium, coronary artery fistula with, transesophageal echocardiography in, 777–780
Axillary artery, cannulation of, for cardiopulmonary bypass, blood pressure monitoring in, 665–666
Bacteremia, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434
Balloon, intra-aortic. See Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
Bartter’s syndrome, cardiac surgery in, 373–376
Beta-blockers
perioperative, late outcomes and, 237–241
for vascular surgery with positive preoperative stress tests, 494–498
Bispectral index, for isoflurane monitoring, in cardiopulmonary bypass, 485–487
Bleeding
in afibrinogenemia, cardiac surgery in, 109–117
gastrointestinal, in transesophageal echocardiography, 141–146
in mediastinoscopy, 678–683
risk of, postoperative
anticoagulant decisions and, 1–3
enoxaparin-induced, 4–10
subarachnoid, in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653
Blood loss, in cardiopulmonary bypass, hemostatic factors levels and, 459–467
Blood pressure monitoring
after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750
in cardiopulmonary bypass, with axillary artery cannulation, 665–666
Blood transfusions. See Transfusion(s)
Body temperature, vs. fentanyl pKa, 759–762
Brachial artery catheter, for cardiac output monitoring, in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164
Brain, retrograde perfusion of, in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653
Bronchoscopy
in foreign body removal, 90–92
laser treatment with
in bronchoscopy suite, 118–120
in operating room, 121–122
CABG surgery. See Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
Calcium channel blockers, for myocardial protection, in off-pump CABG surgery, 670
Calcium cycling, in myocardium, anesthesia effects on, 340–344
Capillary permeability, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192
Cardiac catheterization, EMLA cream for, in pediatric patients, 642–645
Cardiac index, normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175
Cardiac output, monitoring of
after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750
in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164
Cardiac surgery. See also specific procedures
caudal anesthesia for, in pediatric patients, 734–738
chest tube removal after, topical analgesia for, 719–722
defibrillation methods for, 738–745
hemodynamic measurements after, 746–750
pericardial tamponade after, electrocardiography in, 775–776
preoperative hepatic venous flow measurement in, 751–758
ventricular fibrillation in, defibrillation methods for, 738–745
Cardiac tamponade
after cardiac surgery, electrocardiography in, 775–776
intraoperative, in liver transplantation, rescue echocardiography in, 364–366
Cardiogenic shock, 97–108
after CABG surgery, echocardiographic-assisted management of, 772–774
diagnosis of, 97
etiology of, 98
hemodynamic changes in, 97–98
systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, 98
transesophageal echocardiography in, 406–408
treatment of, 98–105
intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in, 98–99
pharmacologic, 99–105
primary, 98
Cardioprotection, sodium hydrogen ion exchange inhibitors for, 565–569, 570–576
Cardiopulmonary bypass
blood pressure monitoring in, in axillary artery cannulation, 665–666
capillary leak after, 188–192
cognitive dysfunction after, statins for, 294–298
fentanyl concentrations in, in pediatric patients, 316–321
glucose control during, 201–208
hemostatic factors levels during, 459–467
heparin-bonded circuits for, 608–611
hyperthermia after, 423–425, 426–429
infections after, transfusions and, 430–434
inflammatory response in, xenon effects on, 488–493
isoflurane requirements in, monitoring of, with bispectral index, 485–487
laboratory value perturbations after, 19–25
left ventricular relaxation after, milrinone vs. epinephrine for, 334–339
length of stay after, vs. off-pump CABG surgery, 26–31
normothermic, in moyamoya disease, 499–500
for percutaneous coronary interventions, 501–504
phenoxybenzamine vs. sodium nitroprusside for, in pediatric patients, 54–59
with thoracic epidural anesthesia, 300–305
weaning from, levosimendan for, 345–349
Carotid artery disease, stroke prevention in
carotid angioplasty and stenting for, 539–541
endarterectomy for, 542–545
Catecholamines, for cardiogenic shock, 99–101
Catheter(ization)
cardiac, EMLA cream for, in pediatric patients, 642–645
intrapleural, for postoperative analgesia, 261–262
pulmonary artery
for hemodynamic measurements, after cardiac surgery, 746–750
kinking of, in robotic surgery, 548–550
Caudal anesthesia, for cardiac surgery, in pediatric patients, 734–738
Central venous catheter, tension hydrothorax from, 512–515
Central venous pressure, monitoring of, after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage, in aortic aneurysm repair, 392–399
Charles Bonnet syndrome, after CABG surgery, 217–219
Chest tube removal, topical analgesia for, 719–722
Cisatracurium, for fast-track CABG surgery, 49–53
Clonidine, for fast-track CABG surgery, 49–53
Coagulation disorders
in afibrinogenemia, cardiac surgery in, 109–117
in CABG surgery, with cardiopulmonary bypass, 19–25
in cardiac surgery, genetic factors in, 385–386
in Sneddon syndrome, mitral valve replacement in, 661–664
volume expanders and, 358–361
Codeine, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 714–718
Cognitive dysfunction
in cardiac surgery, genetic factors in, 384–385
after cardiopulmonary bypass, statins for, 294–298
Congenital heart defects, repair of
caudal anesthesia for, 734–738
combined aortic stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus, 785–786
complex arterial switch, 322–328
fentanyl for, 316–321
Fontan procedure in, 612–619
ketamine for, 329–333
phenoxybenzamine vs. sodium nitroprusside for, 54–59
Port-Access in, 626–629
subglottic stenosis after, 367–369
with β-thalassemia major, 93–96
troponin I assay in, in neonates, 620–625
Coronary angioplasty, cardiopulmonary bypass for, 501–504
Coronary artery(ies), fistula of, transesophageal echocardiography in, 777–780
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
atrial fibrillation after, in elderly persons, 182–187
autologous transfusions for, 589–596
in Bartter’s syndrome, 373–376
beta-blockers for, late outcomes and, 237–241
capillary leak after, 188–192
cardiogenic shock after, echocardiographic-assisted management of, 772–774
cognitive dysfunction after, statins for, 294–298
complications of, in elderly persons, 583–588
defibrillation in, biphasic vs. monophasic, 738–745
desflurane-fentanyl for, 597–602
fentanyl for
with desflurane, 597–602
hemodynamic effects of, 197–200
with midazolam, 597–602
glucose control during, 201–208
grafts for, stellate ganglion blockade effects on, 729–733
hemodynamic measurements after, 746–750
heparin-bonded circuits for, 608–611
infections after, 430–434
laboratory value perturbations after, 19–25
left ventricular relaxation after, milrinone vs. epinephrine for, 334–339
length of stay after, 26–31
midazolam-fentanyl for, 597–602
minimally-invasive, intrathecal morphine for, 40–43
myocardial ischemia after, troponin I assay in, 288–293
normobaric hyperoxia in, cardiac index reduction in, 173–175
off-pump
anesthesia techniques for, 32–38
atrial fibrillation in, magnesium supplementation for, 723–729
cardiac output monitoring in, 160–164
hemodynamic measurements after, 746–750
hepatocellular damage attenuation by, 603–607
hyperthermia after, 423–425, 426–429
immediate extubation after, 282–287
length of stay after, 26–31
morphine for, 708–713
myocardial ischemia in, reduction of, 667–677
neurologic disorders after, 193–196
remifentanil for, 708–713
resource utilization in, in elderly persons, 583–588
subtotal thyroidectomy with, 79–82
vein graft patency after, 11–18
patent foramen ovale diagnosis during, 150–154
postoperative pain in
acetaminophen for, 306–309
magnesium sulfate for, 714–718
morphine for, 708–713
NSAIDs for, 714–718
opioids for, 714–718
remifentanil for, 708–713
preoperative anticoagulants for, risk/benefit of, 1–3, 4–10
preoperative hepatic venous flow measurement in, 751–758
resource utilization in, in elderly persons, 583–588
sepsis after, immunoglobulins for, 440–445
thoracic epidural anesthesia for, prospective audit of, 44–48
visual hallucinations after, 217–219
Corticosteroids, for cardiopulmonary bypass
evidence against, 255–258
evidence for, 242–249
Cystic fibrosis, double-lung transplantation in, pulmonary vein thrombosis in, 225–227
Cytokines, in cardiac surgery, polymorphisms of, 381–384
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, outcomes of, 446–452
Defibrillation, for cardiac surgery, biphasic vs. monophasic, 738–745
Delirium, after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452
Desflurane, for CABG surgery, 597–602
Dexmedetomidine, for postoperative pain, in thoracotomy, 630–635
Diabetes mellitus, glucose control in, during cardiac surgery, 201–208
Diastolic dysfunction, in elderly persons, 228–236
clinical implications of, 230–231
diagnosis of, 230
management of, 231–234
pathophysiology of, 228–230
physiology of, 228
Diastolic function, in aortic aneurysm repair, aortic cross-clamping and, 165–172
Diclofenac, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 714–718
Diphasic defibrillation, for cardiac surgery, 738–745
Dissection, aortic, paroxysmal sympathetic storms after, 654–655
Dobutamine
for cardiogenic shock, 100–101
for stress echocardiography, in risk assessment, 520–528
Dopamine, for cardiogenic shock, 100–101
Dopexamine, for cardiogenic shock, 100–101
Doppler studies
of arterial grafts, in stellate ganglion block, 729–733
in hemodynamic monitoring, after cardiac surgery, 746–750
in hepatic venous flow, before cardiac surgery, 751–758
in interatrial septum, 146–149
in left ventricular relaxation, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339
in preoperative hepatic venous flow measurement in, 751–758
Double arterial switch, outcome of, 322–328
Dysphagia lusoria, due to right aberrant subclavian artery, 86–89
Echocardiography
dobutamine stress, in risk assessment, 520–528
transesophageal. See Transesophageal echocardiography
transgastric, artifacts in, with papillary anomaly, 126–127
transthoracic, portable device for, 155–159
Editorials
hyperthermia after cardiac surgery, 423–425
immediate extubation in off-pump CABG surgery, 279–281
intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, 139
postoperative pain in cardiac surgery, 705–707
preoperative anticoagulant risk/benefit, 1
sodium hydrogen ion exchange inhibitors, 565–569
Elderly persons
atrial fibrillation in, after cardiac surgery, 182–187
CABG in, resource utilization and, 583–588
diastolic dysfunction in, review of, 228–236
Electrocardiography, after aortic cross-clamp release, 810–811
Embolism, air, ventricular, after cardiac surgery, 406–408
EMLA cream, for cardiac catheterization, in pediatric patients, 642–645
Emphysema, one-lung ventilation in, arterial oxygen pressure, 479–484
Endarterectomy, carotid, for stroke prevention, 542–545
Endocarditis
infectious, surgery for, outcome of, 435–439
marantic, surgery for, in afibrinogenemia, 109–117
transesophageal echocardiography in, 646–649
tricuspid valve, with pacemaker infection, 505–507
Endotracheal intubation, selective left bronchial, in pediatric patients, 636–641
Endovascular repair, anesthesiologist needed for
evidence against, 806–809
evidence for, 802–805
Enoxaparin, preoperative, risk/benefit of, 4–10
Epidural anesthesia
lumbar, for post-thoracotomy pain, 468–474
thoracic
for aortic valve surgery, extubation after, 176–181
for CABG surgery, off-pump, 32–38
for cardiac surgery
with cardiopulmonary bypass, 300–305
prospective audit of, 44–48
for esophagectomy, 350–357
for mitral valve surgery, anticoagulation and, 768–771
for thoracotomy, 630–635
acetaminophen with, 475–478
for postoperative pain, 787–794
Epinephrine
for cardiogenic shock, 100–101
left ventricular relaxation effects of, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339
Errata, incorrect departmental affiliations in Vol. 19, No. 3, page 350, 563
Esophagectomy, postoperative analgesia for, 350–357
Esophagus
injury of, in transesophageal echocardiography, 141–146
stricture of, transesophageal echocardiography in, 209–211
Etomidate, for CABG surgery, fast-track, 49–53
Extracorporeal circulation, with closed system, for atrial septal defect closure, 656–658
Extubation, timing of
after aortic valve surgery, vs. analgesia type, 176–181
after off-pump CABG surgery, 282–287
after pediatric cardiac surgery, caudal anesthesia and, 734–738
Factor V Leiden, thrombosis in, 385
Fast-track anesthesia
for aortic valve surgery, vs. analgesia type, 176–181
for CABG surgery
general with spinal, 49–53
length of stay and, 26–31
minimally invasive, 40–43
Femoral artery, cannulation of, in pediatric patients, 642–645
Femoral nerve block, with sciatic nerve block, for infrainguinal bypass surgery, 220–221
Fentanyl
for CABG surgery, 597–602
concentrations of, in cardiopulmonary bypass, in pediatric patients, 316–321
for congenital heart defect repair, in pediatric patients, 60–66
pKa of, at body temperature extremes, 759–762
saphenous vein effects of, 197–200
Fibrin glue, for coronary artery fistula correction, migration of, 693–694
Filter, vena cava, guidewire for, retrieval of, 362–363
Fistula, coronary artery
correction of, fibrin glue migration in, 693–694
transesophageal echocardiography in, 777–780
Fontan procedure, without cardiopulmonary bypass, 612–619
Foramen ovale, patent. See Patent foramen ovale
Foreign body, in airway, removal of, in pediatric patients, 90–92
Fresh frozen plasma, for CABG surgery, infections and, 430–434
Gastrointestinal system complications, in transesophageal echocardiography, 141–146
General anesthesia, for CABG surgery
fast-track, 49–53
off-pump, 32–38
Genetic factors, in cardiac surgical outcomes, 379–391
atrial fibrillation, 384
cardiac transplantation rejection and, 386–387
functional genomics approaches to, 380–381
inflammation and, 381–382
neurocognitive dysfunction and, 384–385
polymorphisms in, 380
principles of, 379–380
sepsis and, 382–384
vascular thrombosis and, 385–386
Glucose control
during cardiac surgery, 201–208
tight
evidence against, 689–690
evidence for, 684–688
Glue, for coronary artery fistula correction, migration of, 693–694
Grafts
aortic valve, thrombosis of, in pregnancy, 222–224
CABG surgery
fentanyl effects on, 197–200
patency of, 11–18
stellate ganglion blockade effects on, 729–733
Guidewire, for vena cava filter, retrieval of, 362–363
Hallucinations, visual, closed-eye, after CABG surgery, 217–219
Halothane, myocardial calcium cycling and, 340–344
Hanhart syndrome, intraoperative oxygen desaturation in, 546–547
Heart
diastolic dysfunction of, in elderly persons, 228–232
transplantation of, rejection of, genetic factors in, 386–387
Heart failure, contractility in, remifentanil effects on, 763–767
Heart rate
monitoring of, after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750
normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175
Hematology, after CABG surgery, with cardiopulmonary bypass, 19–25
Hematoma, in thoracic epidural anesthesia, anticoagulation and, 768–771
Hemodilution, in cardiopulmonary bypass, hemostatic factors levels and, 459–467
Hemodynamics
in atrial fibrillation, after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187
in CABG surgery, fentanyl combination effects on, 597–602
after cardiac surgery, measurement of, 746–750
normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175
Hemorrhage. See Bleeding
Hemostasis, for thoracic aortic surgery, 453–458
Heparin
coating cardiopulmonary bypass circuits, 608–611
preoperative, risk/benefit of, 1–3, 4–10
thrombocytopenia due to, genetic factors in, 385–386
Hepatic venous flow measurement, before cardiac surgery, 751–758
Hespan, coagulation effects of, 358–361
Hextend, coagulation effects of, 358–361
Hydrothorax, tension, from central venous catheter, 512–515
Hydroxyethyl starch, coagulation effects of, 358–361
Hypercoagulability, in off-pump CABG surgery, graft patency and, 11–18
Hyperglycemia
control of, during cardiac surgery, 201–208
tight control of
evidence against, 689–690
evidence for, 684–688
Hypertension, pulmonary, inhaled prostaglandins vs. nitric oxide for, 400–405
Hyperthermia
after cardiac surgery, 423–425, 426–429
fentanyl pKa and, 759–762
Hypokalemia, in Bartter’s syndrome, cardiac surgery in, 373–376
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, repair of, troponin I assay in, in neonates, 620–625
Hypothermia
fentanyl pKa and, 759–762
for thoracic aortic surgery, outcomes of, 446–452
Hypothyroidism, atrial fibrillation in, after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187
Immunoglobulin(s), for sepsis, after cardiac surgery, 440–445
Infants
cardiac surgery in, ketamine for, 329–333
cardiopulmonary bypass for, fentanyl concentrations in, 316–321
congenital heart defect repair in, phenoxybenzamine vs. sodium nitroprusside for, 54–59
pacemaker implantation in, for atrioventricular block, 212–216
selective left bronchial intubation in, 636–641
Infections. See also Sepsis
after cardiac surgery, transfusions and, 430–434
Infectious endocarditis, surgery for, outcome of, 435–439
Inflammation
in cardiac surgery
genetic factors in, 381–382
ketamine effects on, 329–333
in cardiopulmonary bypass, 250–251
xenon effects on, 488–493
Infrainguinal bypass surgery, combined sciatic and femoral nerve blocks for, 220–221
Inotropic drugs, for cardiogenic shock, 101–103
Insulin
for glucose control
during cardiac surgery, 201–208
evidence against, 689–690
evidence for, 684–688
for myocardial protection, in off-pump CABG surgery, 671
Intensive care, noncardiologist echocardiography in, 155–159
Interatrial septum, transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149
Interleukin(s), in cardiac surgery
ketamine effects on, 329–333
polymorphisms of, 381–384, 386–387
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
balloon rupture during, in pediatric patients, 516–519
for cardiogenic shock, 98–99
misplacement of, 259–260
Intubation, endotracheal. See Endotracheal intubation
Ischemia, myocardial, cardiogenic shock in, treatment of, 97–108
Ischemic preconditioning, in off-pump CABG surgery, 671–672
Isoflurane
for CABG surgery
fast-track, 49–53
off-pump, 708–713
for cardiopulmonary bypass, monitoring of, with bispectral index, 485–487
Jugular vein
internal, cannulation of, ultrasound guidance for, 310–315
puncture of, airway obstruction in, 659–660
Ketamine, for congenital heart defect repair, 329–333
Ketobemidone, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 306–309
Kidney
dysfunction of
after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192
after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452
fentanyl combination effects on, 597–602
Lactated Ringer’s solution, coagulation effects of, 358–361
Laryngeal nerve injury, in mitral valve replacement, 83–85
Lasers, in endobronchial treatment
in bronchoscopy suite, 118–120
in operating room, 121–122
Length of stay
after CABG surgery, off-pump vs. on-pump, 26–31
after pediatric cardiac surgery, caudal anesthesia and, 734–738
Letters to the Editor
Arndt endobronchial balloon cuff detachment, 273–274
bispectral index for aortic arch occlusion diagnosis, 275–276
bleeding after off-pump vs. on-pump CABG surgery, 700–701
cardiac arrest due to tension pneumothorax, 135–136
cardiac surgery in factor XII deficiency, 419–420
coagulation studies performed on arterial catheter samples, 702–703
coagulation system response to cardiopulmonary bypass, 701–702
embolectomy catheter for one-lung ventilation, 270–272
end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, 133–134
fire during tracheobronchopleural fistula repair, 556–557
glycemic control in intensive care, 416–417
internal jugular vein cannulation in pediatric patients, 559–561
intrathecal morphine for minimally invasive CABG surgery, 816–818
milrinone for pulmonary hypertension, 134–135
mitral stenosis in pregnancy, 277–278
off-pump CABG surgery, 416
one-lung isolation with double-balloon blocker technique, 561–562
oximetry readings in congenital heart disease, 558–559
phenoxybenzamine-nitroglycerin combination in, 274–275
pneumothorax after pneumonectomy, 557–558
pulmonary dysfunction in off-pump vs. on-pump CABG surgery, 703
reduction of postoperative atrial fibrillation, 816
superior vena cava cannula obstruction, 420–421
thoracic epidural with general anesthesia, 417–419
thoracic sympathectomy in one-lung ventilation, 704–705
wire-guided endobronchial blocker for one-lung ventilation, 136–138
Levosimendan
for cardiogenic shock, 101–103
for diastolic dysfunction, in elderly persons, 233
inotropic effects of, 345–349
Lipomatous hypertrophy, of atrial septum, transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149
Lipopolysaccharides, in cardiac surgery, polymorphisms of, 382
Liver
fentanyl combination effects on, 597–602
off-pump CABG surgery effects on, 603–607
transplantation of, pericardial tamponade during, rescue transesophageal echocardiography in, 364–366
Liver function tests, after CABG surgery, with cardiopulmonary bypass, 19–25
L-NAME and L-NMMA, for cardiogenic shock, 104–105
Lobectomy
dexmedetomidine with epidural analgesia for, 630–635
after myocardial infarction with stenting, procedural risks in, 795–801
Local anesthesia, with sedation, for endovascular repair, 806–809
Lumbar epidural anesthesia, for post-thoracotomy pain, 468–474
Lung
dysfunction of, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192
surgery on
dexmedetomidine with epidural analgesia for, 630–635
after myocardial infarction with stenting, procedural risks in, 795–801
transesophageal echocardiography of, 242–249
transplantation of, sequential-double, pulmonary vein thrombosis after, 225–227
Lusitropic effects, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339
Lymphangioma, mediastinal, preoperative aspiration of, 781–784
Magnesium
for atrial fibrillation, in CABG surgery, 723–729
for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 714–718
Mammary artery grafts, internal, for CABG surgery, stellate ganglion blockade effects on, 729–733
Mediastinitis, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434
Mediastinoscopy, hemorrhage during, 678–683
Mediastinum, cystic mass in, aspiration of, before definitive surgery, 781–784
Methylprednisolone, for cardiopulmonary bypass, 255–258
Microalbuminuria, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192
Midazolam, for CABG surgery, 597–602
MIDCAB (coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, minimally invasive), intrathecal morphine for, 40–43
Milrinone, left ventricular relaxation effects of, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339
Mini-extracorporeal circulation, for atrial septal defect closure, 656–658
Minimally invasive surgery, for congenital heart defects, 626–629
Minimally invasive surgery CABG, intrathecal morphine for, 40–43
Mitral valve
endocarditis of, transesophageal echocardiography in, 646–649
regurgitation of, due to cleft, 123–125
repair of
pericardial tamponade after, 775–776
thoracic epidural anesthesia for, anticoagulation and, 768–771
replacement of
autologous transfusions for, 589–596
in Sneddon syndrome, 661–664
vocal cord dysfunction after, 83–85
Monophasic defibrillation, for cardiac surgery, 738–745
Morphine
for CABG surgery, fast-track, 49–53, 708–713
for esophagectomy, 350–357
intrathecal, for minimally-invasive CABG surgery, 40–43, 708–713
for postoperative pain
in aortic valve surgery, 176–181
in CABG surgery, 708–713
in thoracotomy, 468–474
Mortality
in CABG surgery, in elderly persons, 583–588
after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452
in infectious endocarditis surgery, 435–439
Moyamoya diseases, cardiopulmonary bypass in, 499–500
Myocardial infarction
after CABG surgery, echocardiographic-assisted management of, 772–774
cardiogenic shock in, treatment of, 97–108
preoperative, risk for, vs. postoperative bleeding, 1–3
right ventricular failure in, transesophageal echocardiography in, 406–408
thoracotomy after, procedural risks in, 795–801
Myocardial ischemia
in CABG surgery, troponin I assay in, 288–293
in noncardiac surgery, troponin I assay in, 577–582
in off-pump CABG surgery, reduction of, 667–677
perioperative, beta-blockers for, late outcomes and, 237–241
sodium hydrogen ion exchange inhibitors for, 565–569, 570–576
vascular surgery in, with positive stress tests, 494–498
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, for risk assessment, 521
Myocardium
calcium cycling patterns in, anesthesia effects on, 340–344
contractility of, remifentanil effects on, 763–767
Myxoma, atrial, infection of, septic shock in, 508–511
Needle-guided ultrasonography, for internal jugular vein cannulation, 310–315
Neonates
cardiac surgery in, troponin elevation in, 620–625
pacemaker implantation in, for atrioventricular block, 212–216
Nesiritide, for cardiogenic shock, 104
Neurologic disorders. See also Stroke
in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653
in CABG surgery, off-pump, 193–196
in thoracic epidural anesthesia, for cardiac surgery, 44–48
Neutrophils, in reperfusion injury, 670–671
Nitric oxide, inhaled, for pulmonary vasodilation, 400–405
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, for cardiogenic shock, 104–105
Nitroprusside, for cardiopulmonary bypass, in pediatric patients, 54–59
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 714–718
Norepinephrine, for cardiogenic shock, 100–101
Off-pump CABG surgery. See Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, off-pump
One-lung ventilation
arterial oxygen in, with emphysema vs. normal lung function, 479–484
positive end-expiratory pressure effects on, 71–75
selective left bronchial intubation in, in pediatric patients, 636–641
Opioids. See also Morphine
for postoperative pain
in aortic valve surgery, 176–181
in CABG surgery, 306–309, 714–718
Outcomes
of cardiac surgery, postoperative pain and, 705–707
of infectious endocarditis surgery, 435–439
of thoracic aortic surgery, with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, 446–452
of vascular surgery with positive preoperative stress tests, 494–498
Oxygen
desaturation of, intraoperative, in Hanhart syndrome, 546–547
partial pressure of, in one-lung ventilation, with emphysema vs. normal lung function, 479–484
Oxygen therapy, after CABG surgery, hemodynamic effects of, 173–175
Oxygenation, in one-lung ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure effects on, 71–75
Pacemaker implantation
for atrioventricular block, in pediatric patients, 212–216
sepsis after, 505–507
temporary, dysfunction of, 377–378
Pacing, after aortic cross-clamp release, 810–811
Patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis with, 785–786
Patent foramen ovale
intraoperative diagnosis of, management of, 150–154
transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149
Pediatric patients
airway foreign body removal from, 90–92
cardiac surgery in
caudal anesthesia for, 734–738
ketamine for, 329–333
subglottic stenosis after, 367–369
troponin elevation in, 620–625
cardiopulmonary bypass for, fentanyl concentrations in, 316–321
congenital heart defect repair in
phenoxybenzamine vs. sodium nitroprusside for, 54–59
remifentanil for, 60–66
cystic mediastinal mass in, 781–784
Fontan procedure for, without cardiopulmonary bypass, 612–619
Hanhart syndrome in, intraoperative oxygen desaturation in, 546–547
pacemaker implantation in, for atrioventricular block, 212–216
patent ductus arteriosus with aortic stenosis in, 785–786
Port-Access surgery in, 626–629
ruptured intra-aortic balloon in, 516–519
selective left bronchial intubation in, 636–641
tetralogy of Fallot repair in, with β-thalassemia major, 93–96
Percutaneous coronary interventions, cardiopulmonary bypass for, 501–504
Pericardial tamponade
after cardiac surgery, electrocardiography in, 775–776
intraoperative, in liver transplantation, rescue transesophageal echocardiography in, 364–366
Phenoxybenzamine, for cardiopulmonary bypass, in pediatric patients, 54–59
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, for cardiogenic shock, 101
Pimobendan, for diastolic dysfunction, in elderly persons, 233
PKa, of fentanyl, at body temperature extremes, 759–762
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, polymorphisms of, 385
Platelet(s)
dysfunction of, genetic factors in, 385
function of, after off-pump CABG surgery, 11–18
transfusion of, for CABG surgery, infections and, 430–434
Platelet inhibitors, preoperative, risk/benefit of, 1–3, 4–10
Pleura, catheter in, for postoperative analgesia, 261–262
Pneumonectomy, dexmedetomidine with epidural analgesia for, 630–635
Pneumonia, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434
Pneumothorax, tension, in Hanhart syndrome, 546–547
Port-Access cardiac surgery, in pediatric patients, 626–629
Positive end-expiratory pressure, in one-lung ventilation, 71–75
Postoperative pain
in aortic valve surgery, 176–181
in CABG surgery
acetaminophen for, 306–309
intrathecal morphine for, 40–43, 708–713
magnesium sulfate for, 714–718
NSAIDs with opioids for, 714–718
remifentanil for, 708–713
spinal, 49–53
thoracic epidural anesthesia for, 32–38
in cardiac surgery, 705–707
in esophagectomy, 350–357
intrapleural catheter for, 261–262
in thoracic surgery
acetaminophen with thoracic epidural analgesia for, 475–478
dexmedetomidine with epidural analgesia for, 630–635
lumbar epidural agents for, 468–474
preemptive epidural analgesia for, 787–794
preoperative rofecoxib for, 67–70
Potassium channels, fentanyl effects on, 197–200
Prilocaine, for cardiac catheterization, in pediatric patients, 642–645
Prostaglandins, inhaled, for pulmonary vasodilation, 400–405
Pulmonary artery catheter
for hemodynamic measurements, after cardiac surgery, 746–750
kinking of, in robotic surgery, 548–550
Pulmonary artery pressure, monitoring of, after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750
Pulmonary function
after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192
transesophageal echocardiography in, 242–249
Pulmonary hypertension, inhaled prostaglandins vs. nitric oxide for, 400–405
Pulmonary valve, atresia of, Fontan procedure for, without cardiopulmonary bypass, 612–619
Pulmonary vein, thrombosis of, after sequential double-lung transplantation, 225–227
Pulse contour analysis, for cardiac output monitoring, in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164
Radial artery grafts, for CABG surgery, stellate ganglion blockade effects on, 729–733
Rejection, of heart transplant, genetic factors in, 386–387
Remifentanil
for congenital heart defect repair, in pediatric patients, 60–66
for fast-track CABG surgery, 49–53
heart contractility and, 763–767
for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 708–713
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
in Bartter’s syndrome, cardiac surgery in, 373–376
in reperfusion injury, 671
Resource utilization, in CABG surgery
in elderly persons, 583–588
off-pump vs. on-pump, 26–31
Ringer’s solution, coagulation effects of, 358–361
Risk assessment, dobutamine stress echocardiography in, 520–528
Robotic surgery, catheter sheath kinking in, 548–550
Rofecoxib, preoperative, for postoperative thoracotomy pain, 67–70
Saline solutions, coagulation effects of, 358–361
Saphenous vein graft
fentanyl effects on, 197–200
patency of, in off-pump CABG surgery, 11–18
Sciatic nerve block, with femoral nerve block, for infrainguinal bypass surgery, 220–221
Scintigraphy, myocardial perfusion, for risk assessment, 521
Sedation, with local anesthesia, for endovascular repair, 806–809
Seizures, after aortic dissection, 654–655
Senning/Mustard procedure plus Rastelli, outcome of, 322–328
Sepsis
after cardiac surgery
genetic factors in, 382–384
immunoglobulins for, 440–445
in infected atrial myxoma, 508–511
from pacemaker and tricuspid valve endocarditis, 505–507
Shock
cardiogenic
after CABG surgery, echocardiographic-assisted management of, 772–774
perioperative treatment of, 97–108
septic, in infected atrial myxoma, 508–511
Shunt
with atrial septal aneurysm, transesophageal echocardiography in, 529–538
left-to-right, repair of, remifentanil for, 60–66
Sneddon syndrome, mitral valve replacement in, 661–664
Sodium hydrogen ion exchange inhibitors
for cardioprotection, 565–569, 570–576
for myocardial protection, in off-pump CABG surgery, 671
SonoHeart, evaluation of, 155–159
Spinal analgesia, for CABG surgery, 49–53
Staphylococcus, in infective endocarditis, surgery for, 435–439
Statins, for cognitive dysfunction, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 294–298
Stellate ganglion block, effects on arterial grafts, 729–733
Stents, in coronary artery disease
with carotid angioplasty, for stroke prevention, 539–541
thoracic surgery after, procedural risks in, 795–801
Stiff person syndrome, cardiac surgery in, 370–372
Stomach, injury of, in transesophageal echocardiography, 141–146
Streptococcus, in infective endocarditis, surgery for, 435–439
Stress echocardiography, dobutamine, in risk assessment, 520–528
Stress test, preoperative, vascular surgery after, results of, 494–498
Stroke
in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653
after CABG surgery, off-pump, 193–196
after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452
postoperative, anticoagulation and, 768–771
prevention of, in carotid artery disease
carotid angioplasty and stenting for, 539–541
endarterectomy for, 542–545
Stroke index, normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653
Subclavian artery, right, aberrant, dysphagia lusoria due to, 86–89
Subglottic stenosis, after congenital heart defect repair, 367–369
Sympathetic nervous system, dysfunction of, after aortic dissection, 654–655
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
in cardiac surgery
genetic factors in, 382
ketamine effects on, 329–333
cardiogenic shock and, 98
after cardiopulmonary bypass, capillary leak and, 188–192
Systemic right ventricle, correction of, outcome of, 322–328
Systemic vascular resistance, normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175
Temperature, vs. fentanyl pKa, 759–762
Tension hydrothorax, from central venous catheter, 512–515
Tension pneumothorax, in Hanhart syndrome, 546–547
Tetralogy of Fallot, repair of, with β-thalassemia major, 93–96
Tezosentan, for cardiogenic shock, 103–104
β-Thalassemia major, tetralogy of Fallot repair in, 93–96
Thermodilution
for cardiac output monitoring, in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164
for hemodynamic measurements, after cardiac surgery, 746–750
Thoracic epidural anesthesia
for aortic valve surgery, extubation after, 176–181
for CABG surgery, off-pump, 32–38
for cardiac surgery
with cardiopulmonary bypass, 300–305
prospective audit of, 44–48
for esophagectomy, 350–357
for mitral valve surgery, anticoagulation and, 768–771
for thoracotomy, 630–635
acetaminophen with, 475–478
for postoperative pain, 787–794
Thoracotomy
after myocardial infarction with stenting, procedural risks in, 795–801
postoperative pain management in
acetaminophen with thoracic epidural analgesia for, 475–478
lumbar epidural agents for, 468–474
preemptive epidural analgesia for, 787–794
preoperative rofecoxib for, 67–70
Thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced, genetic factors in, 385–386
Thromboelastography, volume expander effects on, 358–361
Thromboembolism, in thoracic epidural anesthesia, anticoagulation and, 768–771
Thrombosis
aortic valve graft, in pregnancy, 222–224
in cardiac surgery, genetic factors in, 385–386
in marantic endocarditis, in afibrinogenemia, 109–117
pulmonary vein, after sequential double-lung transplantation, 225–227
saphenous vein graft, in off-pump CABG surgery, 11–18
Thyroid hormone deficiency, atrial fibrillation in, after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187
Thyroidectomy, subtotal, off-pump CABG surgery with, 79–82
Toborinone, for cardiogenic shock, 101
Topical analgesia, for chest tube removal, 719–722
Trachea, lesions of, off-pump CABG surgery with subtotal thyroidectomy in, 79–82
Tramadol, epidural, for post-thoracotomy pain, 468–474
Tranexamic acid, for thoracic aortic surgery, 453–458
Transesophageal echocardiography
in aortic aneurysm repair, 165–172
in atrial septal aneurysm diagnosis, 529–538
in cardiogenic shock, after CABG surgery, 772–774
in coronary artery fistula, 777–780
after coronary artery fistula correction, 693–694
in endocarditis, 646–649
in esophageal stricture, 209–211
gastrointestinal complications of, 141–146
in hemodynamic monitoring, after cardiac surgery, 746–750
in interatrial septum, 146–149
in pacemaker infections, 505–507
in patent foramen ovale, 150–154
in pericardial tamponade
after cardiac surgery, 775–776
intraoperative, 364–366
in preoperative hepatic venous flow measurement in, 751–758
in pulmonary disease, 242–249
in pulmonary vein thrombosis, after double-lung transplantation, 225–227
in right ventricular failure, 406–408
Transfusion(s)
autologous, allogeneic blood transfusion reduction with, 589–596
for CABG surgery
heparin-bonded circuits effects on, 608–611
infections and, 430–434
Transgastric echocardiography, artifacts in, with papillary anomaly, 126–127
Transplantation
heart, rejection of, genetic factors in, 386–387
liver, pericardial tamponade during, rescue transesophageal echocardiography in, 364–366
lung, sequential-double, pulmonary vein thrombosis after, 225–227
Transposition of great arteries
arterial switch for, outcome of, 322–328
correction of, troponin I assay in, in neonates, 620–625
Transpulmonary thermodilution, for cardiac output monitoring, in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164
Tricuspid valve
atresia of, Fontan procedure for, without cardiopulmonary bypass, 612–619
endocarditis of, with pacemaker infection, 505–507
Triiodothyronine, deficiency of, atrial fibrillation in, after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187
Troponin I assay
in cardiac surgery, in neonates, 620–625
in myocardial ischemia
after CABG surgery, 288–293
in noncardiac surgery, 577–582
Tube, chest, removal of, topical analgesia for, 719–722
Tumor necrosis factor(s), in cardiac surgery, polymorphisms of, 381–384
Ultrasonography, for internal jugular vein cannulation, 310–315
Urinary tract infections, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434
Valdecoxib, topical, for chest tube removal, 719–722
Valvular heart disease. See also specific valves
prosthetic valves for, intra-annular leak of, 691–692
surgery for
autologous transfusions for, 589–596
sepsis after, immunoglobulins for, 440–445
in stiff person syndrome, 370–372
vocal cord dysfunction after, 83–85
Vascular stent procedures, anesthesiologist needed for
evidence against, 806–809
evidence for, 802–805
Vascular surgery, noncardiac
with positive preoperative stress tests, results of, 494–498
troponin screening in, 577–582
zoniporide for, 570–576
Vasoconstrictors, for cardiogenic shock, 104–105
Vasodilators
for cardiogenic shock, 103–104
fentanyl as, in CABG surgery, 197–200
pulmonary, inhaled prostaglandins vs. nitric oxide, 400–405
Vena cava filter, guidewire for, retrieval of, 362–363
Venous grafts, patency of, in off-pump CABG surgery, 11–18
Ventilation, one-lung
arterial oxygen in, with emphysema vs. normal lung function, 479–484
positive end-expiratory pressure effects on, 71–75
selective left bronchial intubation in, 636–641
Ventricle(s)
left
air in, transesophageal echocardiography in, 406–408
relaxation of, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339
right
failure of, transesophageal echocardiography in, 406–408
systemic, repair of, 322–328
Ventricular assist devices
aortic regurgitation after, 409–410
intraoperative off-bypass management of, 76–78
Ventricular fibrillation, in cardiac surgery, defibrillation methods for, 738–745
Ventricular muscle, contractility of, remifentanil effects on, 763–767
Visual hallucinations, closed-eye, after CABG surgery, 217–219
Vocal cord dysfunction, after mitral valve replacement, 83–85
Volume expanders, coagulation effects of, 358–361
Wound infections, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434
Xenon, in inflammatory response, in cardiopulmonary bypass, 488–493
Zoniporide, for cardioprotection, 570–576
FULL TEXT