Subject index

Article Outline

 

ABIOMED AB5000 ventricle, intraoperative off-bypass management of, 76–78

Acetaminophen

intravenous, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 306–309

with thoracic epidural anesthesia, for thoracotomy, 475–478

Acid-base management, at body temperature extremes, fentanyl pKa and, 759–762

Activated partial thromboplastin time, volume expander effects on, 358–361

Acute respiratory distress, transesophageal echocardiography in, 242–249

Adenosine, for myocardial protection, in off-pump CABG surgery, 672

Afibrinogenemia, cardiac surgery in, 109–117

Air embolism, ventricular, after cardiac surgery, 406–408

Airway

foreign body removal from, in pediatric patients, 90–92

obstruction of

cystic mediastinal mass aspiration for, 781–784

in jugular venous puncture, 659–660

off-pump CABG surgery with subtotal thyroidectomy in, 79–82

Albuminuria, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192

Analgesia, postoperative. See Postoperative pain

Anesthesia

epidural. See Epidural anesthesia

fast-track. See Fast-track anesthesia

general, for CABG surgery

fast-track, 49–53

off-pump, 32–38

Aneurysm

aortic, repair of

cerebrospinal fluid drainage during, 392–399

diastolic function during, 165–172

retrograde cerebral perfusion during, 650–653

atrial septal, transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149, 529–538

endovascular repair of, anesthesiologist needed for

evidence against, 806–809

evidence for, 802–805

Angioplasty

carotid, with stenting, for stroke prevention, 539–541

coronary, cardiopulmonary bypass for, 501–504

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, for diastolic dysfunction, in elderly persons, 231–234

Animal studies

inflammatory response in cardiopulmonary bypass, 488–493

myocardial calcium cycling, 340–344

Anticoagulants, preoperative, risk/benefit of, 1–3, 768–771

Antifibrinolytic agents, for thoracic aortic surgery, 453–458

Aorta

aneurysm of, repair of

cerebrospinal fluid drainage during, 392–399

diastolic function during, 165–172

endovascular, anesthesiologist needed for, 802–805, 806–809

retrograde cerebral perfusion during, 650–653

cross-clamping of

in aneurysm repair, diastolic function and, 165–172

release of, pacing electrocardiography after, 810–811

dissection of, paroxysmal sympathetic storms after, 654–655

surgery on

antifibrinolytic use in, 453–458

with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, outcomes of, 446–452

sepsis after, immunoglobulins for, 440–445

Aortic valve

graft for, thrombosis of, in pregnancy, 222–224

prosthetic, intra-annular leak of, 691–692

regurgitation of, after left ventricular assist device placement, 409–410

replacement of, autologous transfusions for, 589–596

stenosis of, with patent ductus arteriosus, 785–786

surgery on, vs. analgesia type, 176–181

Apolipoprotein E, in cardiac surgery, polymorphisms of, 382, 385

Arterial switch operations, outcome of, 322–328

Arteries. See specific arteries

Aspiration, of cystic mediastinal mass, for airway compression, 781–784

Atrial fibrillation

in CABG surgery, magnesium supplementation for, 723–729

after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187

in cardiac surgery, genetic factors in, 384

after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452

Atrial muscle, contractility of, remifentanil effects on, 763–767

Atrial myxoma, infection of, septic shock in, 508–511

Atrial septal aneurysm, transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149, 529–538

Atrial septal defects, closure of

autologous transfusions for, 589–596

cardiopulmonary bypass in, in moyamoya disease, 499–500

mini-extracorporeal circulation for, 656–658

Atrioventricular block, complete, pacemaker implantation for, in pediatric patients, 212–216

Atrium, coronary artery fistula with, transesophageal echocardiography in, 777–780

Axillary artery, cannulation of, for cardiopulmonary bypass, blood pressure monitoring in, 665–666

Bacteremia, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434

Balloon, intra-aortic. See Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation

Bartter’s syndrome, cardiac surgery in, 373–376

Beta-blockers

perioperative, late outcomes and, 237–241

for vascular surgery with positive preoperative stress tests, 494–498

Bispectral index, for isoflurane monitoring, in cardiopulmonary bypass, 485–487

Bleeding

in afibrinogenemia, cardiac surgery in, 109–117

gastrointestinal, in transesophageal echocardiography, 141–146

in mediastinoscopy, 678–683

risk of, postoperative

anticoagulant decisions and, 1–3

enoxaparin-induced, 4–10

subarachnoid, in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653

Blood loss, in cardiopulmonary bypass, hemostatic factors levels and, 459–467

Blood pressure monitoring

after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750

in cardiopulmonary bypass, with axillary artery cannulation, 665–666

Blood transfusions. See Transfusion(s)

Body temperature, vs. fentanyl pKa, 759–762

Brachial artery catheter, for cardiac output monitoring, in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164

Brain, retrograde perfusion of, in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653

Bronchoscopy

in foreign body removal, 90–92

laser treatment with

in bronchoscopy suite, 118–120

in operating room, 121–122

CABG surgery. See Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery

Calcium channel blockers, for myocardial protection, in off-pump CABG surgery, 670

Calcium cycling, in myocardium, anesthesia effects on, 340–344

Capillary permeability, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192

Cardiac catheterization, EMLA cream for, in pediatric patients, 642–645

Cardiac index, normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175

Cardiac output, monitoring of

after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750

in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164

Cardiac surgery. See also specific procedures

caudal anesthesia for, in pediatric patients, 734–738

chest tube removal after, topical analgesia for, 719–722

defibrillation methods for, 738–745

hemodynamic measurements after, 746–750

pericardial tamponade after, electrocardiography in, 775–776

preoperative hepatic venous flow measurement in, 751–758

ventricular fibrillation in, defibrillation methods for, 738–745

Cardiac tamponade

after cardiac surgery, electrocardiography in, 775–776

intraoperative, in liver transplantation, rescue echocardiography in, 364–366

Cardiogenic shock, 97–108

after CABG surgery, echocardiographic-assisted management of, 772–774

diagnosis of, 97

etiology of, 98

hemodynamic changes in, 97–98

systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, 98

transesophageal echocardiography in, 406–408

treatment of, 98–105

intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in, 98–99

pharmacologic, 99–105

primary, 98

Cardioprotection, sodium hydrogen ion exchange inhibitors for, 565–569, 570–576

Cardiopulmonary bypass

blood pressure monitoring in, in axillary artery cannulation, 665–666

capillary leak after, 188–192

cognitive dysfunction after, statins for, 294–298

fentanyl concentrations in, in pediatric patients, 316–321

glucose control during, 201–208

hemostatic factors levels during, 459–467

heparin-bonded circuits for, 608–611

hyperthermia after, 423–425, 426–429

infections after, transfusions and, 430–434

inflammatory response in, xenon effects on, 488–493

isoflurane requirements in, monitoring of, with bispectral index, 485–487

laboratory value perturbations after, 19–25

left ventricular relaxation after, milrinone vs. epinephrine for, 334–339

length of stay after, vs. off-pump CABG surgery, 26–31

normothermic, in moyamoya disease, 499–500

for percutaneous coronary interventions, 501–504

phenoxybenzamine vs. sodium nitroprusside for, in pediatric patients, 54–59

with thoracic epidural anesthesia, 300–305

weaning from, levosimendan for, 345–349

Carotid artery disease, stroke prevention in

carotid angioplasty and stenting for, 539–541

endarterectomy for, 542–545

Catecholamines, for cardiogenic shock, 99–101

Catheter(ization)

cardiac, EMLA cream for, in pediatric patients, 642–645

intrapleural, for postoperative analgesia, 261–262

pulmonary artery

for hemodynamic measurements, after cardiac surgery, 746–750

kinking of, in robotic surgery, 548–550

Caudal anesthesia, for cardiac surgery, in pediatric patients, 734–738

Central venous catheter, tension hydrothorax from, 512–515

Central venous pressure, monitoring of, after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750

Cerebrospinal fluid drainage, in aortic aneurysm repair, 392–399

Charles Bonnet syndrome, after CABG surgery, 217–219

Chest tube removal, topical analgesia for, 719–722

Cisatracurium, for fast-track CABG surgery, 49–53

Clonidine, for fast-track CABG surgery, 49–53

Coagulation disorders

in afibrinogenemia, cardiac surgery in, 109–117

in CABG surgery, with cardiopulmonary bypass, 19–25

in cardiac surgery, genetic factors in, 385–386

in Sneddon syndrome, mitral valve replacement in, 661–664

volume expanders and, 358–361

Codeine, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 714–718

Cognitive dysfunction

in cardiac surgery, genetic factors in, 384–385

after cardiopulmonary bypass, statins for, 294–298

Congenital heart defects, repair of

caudal anesthesia for, 734–738

combined aortic stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus, 785–786

complex arterial switch, 322–328

fentanyl for, 316–321

Fontan procedure in, 612–619

ketamine for, 329–333

phenoxybenzamine vs. sodium nitroprusside for, 54–59

Port-Access in, 626–629

subglottic stenosis after, 367–369

with β-thalassemia major, 93–96

troponin I assay in, in neonates, 620–625

Coronary angioplasty, cardiopulmonary bypass for, 501–504

Coronary artery(ies), fistula of, transesophageal echocardiography in, 777–780

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery

atrial fibrillation after, in elderly persons, 182–187

autologous transfusions for, 589–596

in Bartter’s syndrome, 373–376

beta-blockers for, late outcomes and, 237–241

capillary leak after, 188–192

cardiogenic shock after, echocardiographic-assisted management of, 772–774

cognitive dysfunction after, statins for, 294–298

complications of, in elderly persons, 583–588

defibrillation in, biphasic vs. monophasic, 738–745

desflurane-fentanyl for, 597–602

fentanyl for

with desflurane, 597–602

hemodynamic effects of, 197–200

with midazolam, 597–602

glucose control during, 201–208

grafts for, stellate ganglion blockade effects on, 729–733

hemodynamic measurements after, 746–750

heparin-bonded circuits for, 608–611

infections after, 430–434

laboratory value perturbations after, 19–25

left ventricular relaxation after, milrinone vs. epinephrine for, 334–339

length of stay after, 26–31

midazolam-fentanyl for, 597–602

minimally-invasive, intrathecal morphine for, 40–43

myocardial ischemia after, troponin I assay in, 288–293

normobaric hyperoxia in, cardiac index reduction in, 173–175

off-pump

anesthesia techniques for, 32–38

atrial fibrillation in, magnesium supplementation for, 723–729

cardiac output monitoring in, 160–164

hemodynamic measurements after, 746–750

hepatocellular damage attenuation by, 603–607

hyperthermia after, 423–425, 426–429

immediate extubation after, 282–287

length of stay after, 26–31

morphine for, 708–713

myocardial ischemia in, reduction of, 667–677

neurologic disorders after, 193–196

remifentanil for, 708–713

resource utilization in, in elderly persons, 583–588

subtotal thyroidectomy with, 79–82

vein graft patency after, 11–18

patent foramen ovale diagnosis during, 150–154

postoperative pain in

acetaminophen for, 306–309

magnesium sulfate for, 714–718

morphine for, 708–713

NSAIDs for, 714–718

opioids for, 714–718

remifentanil for, 708–713

preoperative anticoagulants for, risk/benefit of, 1–3, 4–10

preoperative hepatic venous flow measurement in, 751–758

resource utilization in, in elderly persons, 583–588

sepsis after, immunoglobulins for, 440–445

thoracic epidural anesthesia for, prospective audit of, 44–48

visual hallucinations after, 217–219

Corticosteroids, for cardiopulmonary bypass

evidence against, 255–258

evidence for, 242–249

Cystic fibrosis, double-lung transplantation in, pulmonary vein thrombosis in, 225–227

Cytokines, in cardiac surgery, polymorphisms of, 381–384

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, outcomes of, 446–452

Defibrillation, for cardiac surgery, biphasic vs. monophasic, 738–745

Delirium, after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452

Desflurane, for CABG surgery, 597–602

Dexmedetomidine, for postoperative pain, in thoracotomy, 630–635

Diabetes mellitus, glucose control in, during cardiac surgery, 201–208

Diastolic dysfunction, in elderly persons, 228–236

clinical implications of, 230–231

diagnosis of, 230

management of, 231–234

pathophysiology of, 228–230

physiology of, 228

Diastolic function, in aortic aneurysm repair, aortic cross-clamping and, 165–172

Diclofenac, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 714–718

Diphasic defibrillation, for cardiac surgery, 738–745

Dissection, aortic, paroxysmal sympathetic storms after, 654–655

Dobutamine

for cardiogenic shock, 100–101

for stress echocardiography, in risk assessment, 520–528

Dopamine, for cardiogenic shock, 100–101

Dopexamine, for cardiogenic shock, 100–101

Doppler studies

of arterial grafts, in stellate ganglion block, 729–733

in hemodynamic monitoring, after cardiac surgery, 746–750

in hepatic venous flow, before cardiac surgery, 751–758

in interatrial septum, 146–149

in left ventricular relaxation, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339

in preoperative hepatic venous flow measurement in, 751–758

Double arterial switch, outcome of, 322–328

Dysphagia lusoria, due to right aberrant subclavian artery, 86–89

Echocardiography

dobutamine stress, in risk assessment, 520–528

transesophageal. See Transesophageal echocardiography

transgastric, artifacts in, with papillary anomaly, 126–127

transthoracic, portable device for, 155–159

Editorials

hyperthermia after cardiac surgery, 423–425

immediate extubation in off-pump CABG surgery, 279–281

intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, 139

postoperative pain in cardiac surgery, 705–707

preoperative anticoagulant risk/benefit, 1

sodium hydrogen ion exchange inhibitors, 565–569

Elderly persons

atrial fibrillation in, after cardiac surgery, 182–187

CABG in, resource utilization and, 583–588

diastolic dysfunction in, review of, 228–236

Electrocardiography, after aortic cross-clamp release, 810–811

Embolism, air, ventricular, after cardiac surgery, 406–408

EMLA cream, for cardiac catheterization, in pediatric patients, 642–645

Emphysema, one-lung ventilation in, arterial oxygen pressure, 479–484

Endarterectomy, carotid, for stroke prevention, 542–545

Endocarditis

infectious, surgery for, outcome of, 435–439

marantic, surgery for, in afibrinogenemia, 109–117

transesophageal echocardiography in, 646–649

tricuspid valve, with pacemaker infection, 505–507

Endotracheal intubation, selective left bronchial, in pediatric patients, 636–641

Endovascular repair, anesthesiologist needed for

evidence against, 806–809

evidence for, 802–805

Enoxaparin, preoperative, risk/benefit of, 4–10

Epidural anesthesia

lumbar, for post-thoracotomy pain, 468–474

thoracic

for aortic valve surgery, extubation after, 176–181

for CABG surgery, off-pump, 32–38

for cardiac surgery

with cardiopulmonary bypass, 300–305

prospective audit of, 44–48

for esophagectomy, 350–357

for mitral valve surgery, anticoagulation and, 768–771

for thoracotomy, 630–635

acetaminophen with, 475–478

for postoperative pain, 787–794

Epinephrine

for cardiogenic shock, 100–101

left ventricular relaxation effects of, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339

Errata, incorrect departmental affiliations in Vol. 19, No. 3, page 350, 563

Esophagectomy, postoperative analgesia for, 350–357

Esophagus

injury of, in transesophageal echocardiography, 141–146

stricture of, transesophageal echocardiography in, 209–211

Etomidate, for CABG surgery, fast-track, 49–53

Extracorporeal circulation, with closed system, for atrial septal defect closure, 656–658

Extubation, timing of

after aortic valve surgery, vs. analgesia type, 176–181

after off-pump CABG surgery, 282–287

after pediatric cardiac surgery, caudal anesthesia and, 734–738

Factor V Leiden, thrombosis in, 385

Fast-track anesthesia

for aortic valve surgery, vs. analgesia type, 176–181

for CABG surgery

general with spinal, 49–53

length of stay and, 26–31

minimally invasive, 40–43

Femoral artery, cannulation of, in pediatric patients, 642–645

Femoral nerve block, with sciatic nerve block, for infrainguinal bypass surgery, 220–221

Fentanyl

for CABG surgery, 597–602

concentrations of, in cardiopulmonary bypass, in pediatric patients, 316–321

for congenital heart defect repair, in pediatric patients, 60–66

pKa of, at body temperature extremes, 759–762

saphenous vein effects of, 197–200

Fibrin glue, for coronary artery fistula correction, migration of, 693–694

Filter, vena cava, guidewire for, retrieval of, 362–363

Fistula, coronary artery

correction of, fibrin glue migration in, 693–694

transesophageal echocardiography in, 777–780

Fontan procedure, without cardiopulmonary bypass, 612–619

Foramen ovale, patent. See Patent foramen ovale

Foreign body, in airway, removal of, in pediatric patients, 90–92

Fresh frozen plasma, for CABG surgery, infections and, 430–434

Gastrointestinal system complications, in transesophageal echocardiography, 141–146

General anesthesia, for CABG surgery

fast-track, 49–53

off-pump, 32–38

Genetic factors, in cardiac surgical outcomes, 379–391

atrial fibrillation, 384

cardiac transplantation rejection and, 386–387

functional genomics approaches to, 380–381

inflammation and, 381–382

neurocognitive dysfunction and, 384–385

polymorphisms in, 380

principles of, 379–380

sepsis and, 382–384

vascular thrombosis and, 385–386

Glucose control

during cardiac surgery, 201–208

tight

evidence against, 689–690

evidence for, 684–688

Glue, for coronary artery fistula correction, migration of, 693–694

Grafts

aortic valve, thrombosis of, in pregnancy, 222–224

CABG surgery

fentanyl effects on, 197–200

patency of, 11–18

stellate ganglion blockade effects on, 729–733

Guidewire, for vena cava filter, retrieval of, 362–363

Hallucinations, visual, closed-eye, after CABG surgery, 217–219

Halothane, myocardial calcium cycling and, 340–344

Hanhart syndrome, intraoperative oxygen desaturation in, 546–547

Heart

diastolic dysfunction of, in elderly persons, 228–232

transplantation of, rejection of, genetic factors in, 386–387

Heart failure, contractility in, remifentanil effects on, 763–767

Heart rate

monitoring of, after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750

normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175

Hematology, after CABG surgery, with cardiopulmonary bypass, 19–25

Hematoma, in thoracic epidural anesthesia, anticoagulation and, 768–771

Hemodilution, in cardiopulmonary bypass, hemostatic factors levels and, 459–467

Hemodynamics

in atrial fibrillation, after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187

in CABG surgery, fentanyl combination effects on, 597–602

after cardiac surgery, measurement of, 746–750

normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175

Hemorrhage. See Bleeding

Hemostasis, for thoracic aortic surgery, 453–458

Heparin

coating cardiopulmonary bypass circuits, 608–611

preoperative, risk/benefit of, 1–3, 4–10

thrombocytopenia due to, genetic factors in, 385–386

Hepatic venous flow measurement, before cardiac surgery, 751–758

Hespan, coagulation effects of, 358–361

Hextend, coagulation effects of, 358–361

Hydrothorax, tension, from central venous catheter, 512–515

Hydroxyethyl starch, coagulation effects of, 358–361

Hypercoagulability, in off-pump CABG surgery, graft patency and, 11–18

Hyperglycemia

control of, during cardiac surgery, 201–208

tight control of

evidence against, 689–690

evidence for, 684–688

Hypertension, pulmonary, inhaled prostaglandins vs. nitric oxide for, 400–405

Hyperthermia

after cardiac surgery, 423–425, 426–429

fentanyl pKa and, 759–762

Hypokalemia, in Bartter’s syndrome, cardiac surgery in, 373–376

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, repair of, troponin I assay in, in neonates, 620–625

Hypothermia

fentanyl pKa and, 759–762

for thoracic aortic surgery, outcomes of, 446–452

Hypothyroidism, atrial fibrillation in, after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187

Immunoglobulin(s), for sepsis, after cardiac surgery, 440–445

Infants

cardiac surgery in, ketamine for, 329–333

cardiopulmonary bypass for, fentanyl concentrations in, 316–321

congenital heart defect repair in, phenoxybenzamine vs. sodium nitroprusside for, 54–59

pacemaker implantation in, for atrioventricular block, 212–216

selective left bronchial intubation in, 636–641

Infections. See also Sepsis

after cardiac surgery, transfusions and, 430–434

Infectious endocarditis, surgery for, outcome of, 435–439

Inflammation

in cardiac surgery

genetic factors in, 381–382

ketamine effects on, 329–333

in cardiopulmonary bypass, 250–251

xenon effects on, 488–493

Infrainguinal bypass surgery, combined sciatic and femoral nerve blocks for, 220–221

Inotropic drugs, for cardiogenic shock, 101–103

Insulin

for glucose control

during cardiac surgery, 201–208

evidence against, 689–690

evidence for, 684–688

for myocardial protection, in off-pump CABG surgery, 671

Intensive care, noncardiologist echocardiography in, 155–159

Interatrial septum, transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149

Interleukin(s), in cardiac surgery

ketamine effects on, 329–333

polymorphisms of, 381–384, 386–387

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation

balloon rupture during, in pediatric patients, 516–519

for cardiogenic shock, 98–99

misplacement of, 259–260

Intubation, endotracheal. See Endotracheal intubation

Ischemia, myocardial, cardiogenic shock in, treatment of, 97–108

Ischemic preconditioning, in off-pump CABG surgery, 671–672

Isoflurane

for CABG surgery

fast-track, 49–53

off-pump, 708–713

for cardiopulmonary bypass, monitoring of, with bispectral index, 485–487

Jugular vein

internal, cannulation of, ultrasound guidance for, 310–315

puncture of, airway obstruction in, 659–660

Ketamine, for congenital heart defect repair, 329–333

Ketobemidone, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 306–309

Kidney

dysfunction of

after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192

after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452

fentanyl combination effects on, 597–602

Lactated Ringer’s solution, coagulation effects of, 358–361

Laryngeal nerve injury, in mitral valve replacement, 83–85

Lasers, in endobronchial treatment

in bronchoscopy suite, 118–120

in operating room, 121–122

Length of stay

after CABG surgery, off-pump vs. on-pump, 26–31

after pediatric cardiac surgery, caudal anesthesia and, 734–738

Letters to the Editor

Arndt endobronchial balloon cuff detachment, 273–274

bispectral index for aortic arch occlusion diagnosis, 275–276

bleeding after off-pump vs. on-pump CABG surgery, 700–701

cardiac arrest due to tension pneumothorax, 135–136

cardiac surgery in factor XII deficiency, 419–420

coagulation studies performed on arterial catheter samples, 702–703

coagulation system response to cardiopulmonary bypass, 701–702

embolectomy catheter for one-lung ventilation, 270–272

end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, 133–134

fire during tracheobronchopleural fistula repair, 556–557

glycemic control in intensive care, 416–417

internal jugular vein cannulation in pediatric patients, 559–561

intrathecal morphine for minimally invasive CABG surgery, 816–818

milrinone for pulmonary hypertension, 134–135

mitral stenosis in pregnancy, 277–278

off-pump CABG surgery, 416

one-lung isolation with double-balloon blocker technique, 561–562

oximetry readings in congenital heart disease, 558–559

phenoxybenzamine-nitroglycerin combination in, 274–275

pneumothorax after pneumonectomy, 557–558

pulmonary dysfunction in off-pump vs. on-pump CABG surgery, 703

reduction of postoperative atrial fibrillation, 816

superior vena cava cannula obstruction, 420–421

thoracic epidural with general anesthesia, 417–419

thoracic sympathectomy in one-lung ventilation, 704–705

wire-guided endobronchial blocker for one-lung ventilation, 136–138

Levosimendan

for cardiogenic shock, 101–103

for diastolic dysfunction, in elderly persons, 233

inotropic effects of, 345–349

Lipomatous hypertrophy, of atrial septum, transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149

Lipopolysaccharides, in cardiac surgery, polymorphisms of, 382

Liver

fentanyl combination effects on, 597–602

off-pump CABG surgery effects on, 603–607

transplantation of, pericardial tamponade during, rescue transesophageal echocardiography in, 364–366

Liver function tests, after CABG surgery, with cardiopulmonary bypass, 19–25

L-NAME and L-NMMA, for cardiogenic shock, 104–105

Lobectomy

dexmedetomidine with epidural analgesia for, 630–635

after myocardial infarction with stenting, procedural risks in, 795–801

Local anesthesia, with sedation, for endovascular repair, 806–809

Lumbar epidural anesthesia, for post-thoracotomy pain, 468–474

Lung

dysfunction of, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192

surgery on

dexmedetomidine with epidural analgesia for, 630–635

after myocardial infarction with stenting, procedural risks in, 795–801

transesophageal echocardiography of, 242–249

transplantation of, sequential-double, pulmonary vein thrombosis after, 225–227

Lusitropic effects, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339

Lymphangioma, mediastinal, preoperative aspiration of, 781–784

Magnesium

for atrial fibrillation, in CABG surgery, 723–729

for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 714–718

Mammary artery grafts, internal, for CABG surgery, stellate ganglion blockade effects on, 729–733

Mediastinitis, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434

Mediastinoscopy, hemorrhage during, 678–683

Mediastinum, cystic mass in, aspiration of, before definitive surgery, 781–784

Methylprednisolone, for cardiopulmonary bypass, 255–258

Microalbuminuria, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192

Midazolam, for CABG surgery, 597–602

MIDCAB (coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, minimally invasive), intrathecal morphine for, 40–43

Milrinone, left ventricular relaxation effects of, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339

Mini-extracorporeal circulation, for atrial septal defect closure, 656–658

Minimally invasive surgery, for congenital heart defects, 626–629

Minimally invasive surgery CABG, intrathecal morphine for, 40–43

Mitral valve

endocarditis of, transesophageal echocardiography in, 646–649

regurgitation of, due to cleft, 123–125

repair of

pericardial tamponade after, 775–776

thoracic epidural anesthesia for, anticoagulation and, 768–771

replacement of

autologous transfusions for, 589–596

in Sneddon syndrome, 661–664

vocal cord dysfunction after, 83–85

Monophasic defibrillation, for cardiac surgery, 738–745

Morphine

for CABG surgery, fast-track, 49–53, 708–713

for esophagectomy, 350–357

intrathecal, for minimally-invasive CABG surgery, 40–43, 708–713

for postoperative pain

in aortic valve surgery, 176–181

in CABG surgery, 708–713

in thoracotomy, 468–474

Mortality

in CABG surgery, in elderly persons, 583–588

after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452

in infectious endocarditis surgery, 435–439

Moyamoya diseases, cardiopulmonary bypass in, 499–500

Myocardial infarction

after CABG surgery, echocardiographic-assisted management of, 772–774

cardiogenic shock in, treatment of, 97–108

preoperative, risk for, vs. postoperative bleeding, 1–3

right ventricular failure in, transesophageal echocardiography in, 406–408

thoracotomy after, procedural risks in, 795–801

Myocardial ischemia

in CABG surgery, troponin I assay in, 288–293

in noncardiac surgery, troponin I assay in, 577–582

in off-pump CABG surgery, reduction of, 667–677

perioperative, beta-blockers for, late outcomes and, 237–241

sodium hydrogen ion exchange inhibitors for, 565–569, 570–576

vascular surgery in, with positive stress tests, 494–498

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, for risk assessment, 521

Myocardium

calcium cycling patterns in, anesthesia effects on, 340–344

contractility of, remifentanil effects on, 763–767

Myxoma, atrial, infection of, septic shock in, 508–511

Needle-guided ultrasonography, for internal jugular vein cannulation, 310–315

Neonates

cardiac surgery in, troponin elevation in, 620–625

pacemaker implantation in, for atrioventricular block, 212–216

Nesiritide, for cardiogenic shock, 104

Neurologic disorders. See also Stroke

in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653

in CABG surgery, off-pump, 193–196

in thoracic epidural anesthesia, for cardiac surgery, 44–48

Neutrophils, in reperfusion injury, 670–671

Nitric oxide, inhaled, for pulmonary vasodilation, 400–405

Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, for cardiogenic shock, 104–105

Nitroprusside, for cardiopulmonary bypass, in pediatric patients, 54–59

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 714–718

Norepinephrine, for cardiogenic shock, 100–101

Off-pump CABG surgery. See Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, off-pump

One-lung ventilation

arterial oxygen in, with emphysema vs. normal lung function, 479–484

positive end-expiratory pressure effects on, 71–75

selective left bronchial intubation in, in pediatric patients, 636–641

Opioids. See also Morphine

for postoperative pain

in aortic valve surgery, 176–181

in CABG surgery, 306–309, 714–718

Outcomes

of cardiac surgery, postoperative pain and, 705–707

of infectious endocarditis surgery, 435–439

of thoracic aortic surgery, with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, 446–452

of vascular surgery with positive preoperative stress tests, 494–498

Oxygen

desaturation of, intraoperative, in Hanhart syndrome, 546–547

partial pressure of, in one-lung ventilation, with emphysema vs. normal lung function, 479–484

Oxygen therapy, after CABG surgery, hemodynamic effects of, 173–175

Oxygenation, in one-lung ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure effects on, 71–75

Pacemaker implantation

for atrioventricular block, in pediatric patients, 212–216

sepsis after, 505–507

temporary, dysfunction of, 377–378

Pacing, after aortic cross-clamp release, 810–811

Patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis with, 785–786

Patent foramen ovale

intraoperative diagnosis of, management of, 150–154

transesophageal echocardiography in, 146–149

Pediatric patients

airway foreign body removal from, 90–92

cardiac surgery in

caudal anesthesia for, 734–738

ketamine for, 329–333

subglottic stenosis after, 367–369

troponin elevation in, 620–625

cardiopulmonary bypass for, fentanyl concentrations in, 316–321

congenital heart defect repair in

phenoxybenzamine vs. sodium nitroprusside for, 54–59

remifentanil for, 60–66

cystic mediastinal mass in, 781–784

Fontan procedure for, without cardiopulmonary bypass, 612–619

Hanhart syndrome in, intraoperative oxygen desaturation in, 546–547

pacemaker implantation in, for atrioventricular block, 212–216

patent ductus arteriosus with aortic stenosis in, 785–786

Port-Access surgery in, 626–629

ruptured intra-aortic balloon in, 516–519

selective left bronchial intubation in, 636–641

tetralogy of Fallot repair in, with β-thalassemia major, 93–96

Percutaneous coronary interventions, cardiopulmonary bypass for, 501–504

Pericardial tamponade

after cardiac surgery, electrocardiography in, 775–776

intraoperative, in liver transplantation, rescue transesophageal echocardiography in, 364–366

Phenoxybenzamine, for cardiopulmonary bypass, in pediatric patients, 54–59

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, for cardiogenic shock, 101

Pimobendan, for diastolic dysfunction, in elderly persons, 233

PKa, of fentanyl, at body temperature extremes, 759–762

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, polymorphisms of, 385

Platelet(s)

dysfunction of, genetic factors in, 385

function of, after off-pump CABG surgery, 11–18

transfusion of, for CABG surgery, infections and, 430–434

Platelet inhibitors, preoperative, risk/benefit of, 1–3, 4–10

Pleura, catheter in, for postoperative analgesia, 261–262

Pneumonectomy, dexmedetomidine with epidural analgesia for, 630–635

Pneumonia, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434

Pneumothorax, tension, in Hanhart syndrome, 546–547

Port-Access cardiac surgery, in pediatric patients, 626–629

Positive end-expiratory pressure, in one-lung ventilation, 71–75

Postoperative pain

in aortic valve surgery, 176–181

in CABG surgery

acetaminophen for, 306–309

intrathecal morphine for, 40–43, 708–713

magnesium sulfate for, 714–718

NSAIDs with opioids for, 714–718

remifentanil for, 708–713

spinal, 49–53

thoracic epidural anesthesia for, 32–38

in cardiac surgery, 705–707

in esophagectomy, 350–357

intrapleural catheter for, 261–262

in thoracic surgery

acetaminophen with thoracic epidural analgesia for, 475–478

dexmedetomidine with epidural analgesia for, 630–635

lumbar epidural agents for, 468–474

preemptive epidural analgesia for, 787–794

preoperative rofecoxib for, 67–70

Potassium channels, fentanyl effects on, 197–200

Prilocaine, for cardiac catheterization, in pediatric patients, 642–645

Prostaglandins, inhaled, for pulmonary vasodilation, 400–405

Pulmonary artery catheter

for hemodynamic measurements, after cardiac surgery, 746–750

kinking of, in robotic surgery, 548–550

Pulmonary artery pressure, monitoring of, after cardiac surgery, methods for, 746–750

Pulmonary function

after cardiopulmonary bypass, 188–192

transesophageal echocardiography in, 242–249

Pulmonary hypertension, inhaled prostaglandins vs. nitric oxide for, 400–405

Pulmonary valve, atresia of, Fontan procedure for, without cardiopulmonary bypass, 612–619

Pulmonary vein, thrombosis of, after sequential double-lung transplantation, 225–227

Pulse contour analysis, for cardiac output monitoring, in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164

Radial artery grafts, for CABG surgery, stellate ganglion blockade effects on, 729–733

Rejection, of heart transplant, genetic factors in, 386–387

Remifentanil

for congenital heart defect repair, in pediatric patients, 60–66

for fast-track CABG surgery, 49–53

heart contractility and, 763–767

for postoperative pain, in CABG surgery, 708–713

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

in Bartter’s syndrome, cardiac surgery in, 373–376

in reperfusion injury, 671

Resource utilization, in CABG surgery

in elderly persons, 583–588

off-pump vs. on-pump, 26–31

Ringer’s solution, coagulation effects of, 358–361

Risk assessment, dobutamine stress echocardiography in, 520–528

Robotic surgery, catheter sheath kinking in, 548–550

Rofecoxib, preoperative, for postoperative thoracotomy pain, 67–70

Saline solutions, coagulation effects of, 358–361

Saphenous vein graft

fentanyl effects on, 197–200

patency of, in off-pump CABG surgery, 11–18

Sciatic nerve block, with femoral nerve block, for infrainguinal bypass surgery, 220–221

Scintigraphy, myocardial perfusion, for risk assessment, 521

Sedation, with local anesthesia, for endovascular repair, 806–809

Seizures, after aortic dissection, 654–655

Senning/Mustard procedure plus Rastelli, outcome of, 322–328

Sepsis

after cardiac surgery

genetic factors in, 382–384

immunoglobulins for, 440–445

in infected atrial myxoma, 508–511

from pacemaker and tricuspid valve endocarditis, 505–507

Shock

cardiogenic

after CABG surgery, echocardiographic-assisted management of, 772–774

perioperative treatment of, 97–108

septic, in infected atrial myxoma, 508–511

Shunt

with atrial septal aneurysm, transesophageal echocardiography in, 529–538

left-to-right, repair of, remifentanil for, 60–66

Sneddon syndrome, mitral valve replacement in, 661–664

Sodium hydrogen ion exchange inhibitors

for cardioprotection, 565–569, 570–576

for myocardial protection, in off-pump CABG surgery, 671

SonoHeart, evaluation of, 155–159

Spinal analgesia, for CABG surgery, 49–53

Staphylococcus, in infective endocarditis, surgery for, 435–439

Statins, for cognitive dysfunction, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 294–298

Stellate ganglion block, effects on arterial grafts, 729–733

Stents, in coronary artery disease

with carotid angioplasty, for stroke prevention, 539–541

thoracic surgery after, procedural risks in, 795–801

Stiff person syndrome, cardiac surgery in, 370–372

Stomach, injury of, in transesophageal echocardiography, 141–146

Streptococcus, in infective endocarditis, surgery for, 435–439

Stress echocardiography, dobutamine, in risk assessment, 520–528

Stress test, preoperative, vascular surgery after, results of, 494–498

Stroke

in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653

after CABG surgery, off-pump, 193–196

after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, for thoracic aortic surgery, 446–452

postoperative, anticoagulation and, 768–771

prevention of, in carotid artery disease

carotid angioplasty and stenting for, 539–541

endarterectomy for, 542–545

Stroke index, normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175

Subarachnoid hemorrhage, in aortic aneurysm repair, 650–653

Subclavian artery, right, aberrant, dysphagia lusoria due to, 86–89

Subglottic stenosis, after congenital heart defect repair, 367–369

Sympathetic nervous system, dysfunction of, after aortic dissection, 654–655

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

in cardiac surgery

genetic factors in, 382

ketamine effects on, 329–333

cardiogenic shock and, 98

after cardiopulmonary bypass, capillary leak and, 188–192

Systemic right ventricle, correction of, outcome of, 322–328

Systemic vascular resistance, normobaric hyperoxia effects on, after CABG surgery, 173–175

Temperature, vs. fentanyl pKa, 759–762

Tension hydrothorax, from central venous catheter, 512–515

Tension pneumothorax, in Hanhart syndrome, 546–547

Tetralogy of Fallot, repair of, with β-thalassemia major, 93–96

Tezosentan, for cardiogenic shock, 103–104

β-Thalassemia major, tetralogy of Fallot repair in, 93–96

Thermodilution

for cardiac output monitoring, in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164

for hemodynamic measurements, after cardiac surgery, 746–750

Thoracic epidural anesthesia

for aortic valve surgery, extubation after, 176–181

for CABG surgery, off-pump, 32–38

for cardiac surgery

with cardiopulmonary bypass, 300–305

prospective audit of, 44–48

for esophagectomy, 350–357

for mitral valve surgery, anticoagulation and, 768–771

for thoracotomy, 630–635

acetaminophen with, 475–478

for postoperative pain, 787–794

Thoracotomy

after myocardial infarction with stenting, procedural risks in, 795–801

postoperative pain management in

acetaminophen with thoracic epidural analgesia for, 475–478

lumbar epidural agents for, 468–474

preemptive epidural analgesia for, 787–794

preoperative rofecoxib for, 67–70

Thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced, genetic factors in, 385–386

Thromboelastography, volume expander effects on, 358–361

Thromboembolism, in thoracic epidural anesthesia, anticoagulation and, 768–771

Thrombosis

aortic valve graft, in pregnancy, 222–224

in cardiac surgery, genetic factors in, 385–386

in marantic endocarditis, in afibrinogenemia, 109–117

pulmonary vein, after sequential double-lung transplantation, 225–227

saphenous vein graft, in off-pump CABG surgery, 11–18

Thyroid hormone deficiency, atrial fibrillation in, after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187

Thyroidectomy, subtotal, off-pump CABG surgery with, 79–82

Toborinone, for cardiogenic shock, 101

Topical analgesia, for chest tube removal, 719–722

Trachea, lesions of, off-pump CABG surgery with subtotal thyroidectomy in, 79–82

Tramadol, epidural, for post-thoracotomy pain, 468–474

Tranexamic acid, for thoracic aortic surgery, 453–458

Transesophageal echocardiography

in aortic aneurysm repair, 165–172

in atrial septal aneurysm diagnosis, 529–538

in cardiogenic shock, after CABG surgery, 772–774

in coronary artery fistula, 777–780

after coronary artery fistula correction, 693–694

in endocarditis, 646–649

in esophageal stricture, 209–211

gastrointestinal complications of, 141–146

in hemodynamic monitoring, after cardiac surgery, 746–750

in interatrial septum, 146–149

in pacemaker infections, 505–507

in patent foramen ovale, 150–154

in pericardial tamponade

after cardiac surgery, 775–776

intraoperative, 364–366

in preoperative hepatic venous flow measurement in, 751–758

in pulmonary disease, 242–249

in pulmonary vein thrombosis, after double-lung transplantation, 225–227

in right ventricular failure, 406–408

Transfusion(s)

autologous, allogeneic blood transfusion reduction with, 589–596

for CABG surgery

heparin-bonded circuits effects on, 608–611

infections and, 430–434

Transgastric echocardiography, artifacts in, with papillary anomaly, 126–127

Transplantation

heart, rejection of, genetic factors in, 386–387

liver, pericardial tamponade during, rescue transesophageal echocardiography in, 364–366

lung, sequential-double, pulmonary vein thrombosis after, 225–227

Transposition of great arteries

arterial switch for, outcome of, 322–328

correction of, troponin I assay in, in neonates, 620–625

Transpulmonary thermodilution, for cardiac output monitoring, in off-pump CABG surgery, 160–164

Tricuspid valve

atresia of, Fontan procedure for, without cardiopulmonary bypass, 612–619

endocarditis of, with pacemaker infection, 505–507

Triiodothyronine, deficiency of, atrial fibrillation in, after cardiac surgery, in elderly persons, 182–187

Troponin I assay

in cardiac surgery, in neonates, 620–625

in myocardial ischemia

after CABG surgery, 288–293

in noncardiac surgery, 577–582

Tube, chest, removal of, topical analgesia for, 719–722

Tumor necrosis factor(s), in cardiac surgery, polymorphisms of, 381–384

Ultrasonography, for internal jugular vein cannulation, 310–315

Urinary tract infections, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434

Valdecoxib, topical, for chest tube removal, 719–722

Valvular heart disease. See also specific valves

prosthetic valves for, intra-annular leak of, 691–692

surgery for

autologous transfusions for, 589–596

sepsis after, immunoglobulins for, 440–445

in stiff person syndrome, 370–372

vocal cord dysfunction after, 83–85

Vascular stent procedures, anesthesiologist needed for

evidence against, 806–809

evidence for, 802–805

Vascular surgery, noncardiac

with positive preoperative stress tests, results of, 494–498

troponin screening in, 577–582

zoniporide for, 570–576

Vasoconstrictors, for cardiogenic shock, 104–105

Vasodilators

for cardiogenic shock, 103–104

fentanyl as, in CABG surgery, 197–200

pulmonary, inhaled prostaglandins vs. nitric oxide, 400–405

Vena cava filter, guidewire for, retrieval of, 362–363

Venous grafts, patency of, in off-pump CABG surgery, 11–18

Ventilation, one-lung

arterial oxygen in, with emphysema vs. normal lung function, 479–484

positive end-expiratory pressure effects on, 71–75

selective left bronchial intubation in, 636–641

Ventricle(s)

left

air in, transesophageal echocardiography in, 406–408

relaxation of, after cardiopulmonary bypass, 334–339

right

failure of, transesophageal echocardiography in, 406–408

systemic, repair of, 322–328

Ventricular assist devices

aortic regurgitation after, 409–410

intraoperative off-bypass management of, 76–78

Ventricular fibrillation, in cardiac surgery, defibrillation methods for, 738–745

Ventricular muscle, contractility of, remifentanil effects on, 763–767

Visual hallucinations, closed-eye, after CABG surgery, 217–219

Vocal cord dysfunction, after mitral valve replacement, 83–85

Volume expanders, coagulation effects of, 358–361

Wound infections, after CABG surgery, transfusions and, 430–434

Xenon, in inflammatory response, in cardiopulmonary bypass, 488–493

Zoniporide, for cardioprotection, 570–576