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Review article| Volume 22, ISSUE 6, P890-903, December 2008

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Preventing the Development of Chronic Pain After Thoracic Surgery

      DESPITE CLINICIANS’ INCREASED KNOWLEDGE in the last decade of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of nociception, acute postoperative pain still remains a major problem.
      • Apfelbaum J.L.
      • Chen C.
      • Mehta S.S.
      • et al.
      Postoperative pain experience from a national survey suggests postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged.
      Patients continue to report that their primary concern before surgery is the severity of postoperative pain.
      • Apfelbaum J.L.
      • Chen C.
      • Mehta S.S.
      • et al.
      Postoperative pain experience from a national survey suggests postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged.
      This is justified because a recent survey has revealed that 31% of patients suffered from severe or extreme pain and another 47% from moderate pain.
      • Apfelbaum J.L.
      • Chen C.
      • Mehta S.S.
      • et al.
      Postoperative pain experience from a national survey suggests postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged.
      Pain after thoracic surgery has been reported to be among the most intense clinical experiences known.
      • Loan W.B.
      • Morrison J.D.
      The incidence and severity of postoperative pain.
      Moderate-to-severe postoperative pain may persist throughout the course of hospitalization and during the first postoperative month.
      • Ochroch E.A.
      • Gottschalk A.
      • Augostides J.
      • et al.
      Long-term pain and activity during recovery from major thoracotomy using thoracic epidural analgesia.
      Unrelieved acute pain after thoracic surgery cannot only contribute to postoperative pulmonary dysfunction
      • Johnson W.C.
      Postoperative ventilatory performance: Dependence upon surgical incision.
      but also may contribute to the development of post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (PTPS).
      • Perkins F.M.
      • Kehlet H.
      Chronic pain as an outcome from surgery A review of predictive factors.
      • Karmakar M.K.
      • Ho A.M.
      Postthoracotomy pain syndrome.
      • Dajczman E.
      • Gordon A.
      • Kreisman H.
      • et al.
      Long-term post-thoracotomy pain.
      • Perttunen K.
      • Tasmuth T.
      • Kalso E.
      Chronic pain after thoracic surgery: A follow-up study.
      Despite the identification of chronic postsurgical thoracic pain syndromes, little is known about the underlying mechanisms, natural history, and response to therapy.
      • Perkins F.M.
      • Kehlet H.
      Chronic pain as an outcome from surgery A review of predictive factors.
      • Karmakar M.K.
      • Ho A.M.
      Postthoracotomy pain syndrome.
      • Dajczman E.
      • Gordon A.
      • Kreisman H.
      • et al.
      Long-term post-thoracotomy pain.
      • Perttunen K.
      • Tasmuth T.
      • Kalso E.
      Chronic pain after thoracic surgery: A follow-up study.

      Key words

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