THE ABILITY TO perform and interpret a comprehensive 2-dimensional transesophageal
echocardiographic (2D-TEE) examination is a cornerstone to the modern-day practice
of cardiac anesthesia and is inherently linked to the subspecialty. As with most technologies,
echocardiography has seen numerous advancements evolve over time. The most significant
of these advances that have occurred over the course of the past 50 years includes
the progression from 1 (spatial)-dimensional imaging (A- and M-mode) to that of 2-dimensional
(2D) imaging, as is currently in use today. The introduction of Doppler technology
has enabled the echocardiographer to not only obtain anatomic images (2D imaging)
but physiologic information as well. Spectral Doppler is used to evaluate flow velocities,
which, in turn, enable the calculation of pressure gradients and flow volumes. Color-flow
Doppler, which facilitates the imaging of shunts, is used to map spatial blood flow
movement. This capability improves the interpretation of valvular lesions and the
recognition of turbulent flow patterns.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 23, 2008
Footnotes
Gerard R. Manecke, Jr, MD
Marco Ranucci, MD
Section Editors
Identification
Copyright
© 2008 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
