THERE IS an increasing trend toward the use of minimally invasive approaches in cardiac
surgery.
1
Many of these utilize a thoracotomy incision, which is associated with significant
acute
2
,
3
and chronic pain.
4
Regional anesthesia is commonly advocated as part of a multimodal analgesic strategy,
but the first-line options of thoracic epidural analgesia and thoracic paravertebral
block
2
are not usually feasible in cardiac surgery, where perioperative anticoagulation
and hemodynamic instability are commonplace.
2
Key Words
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References
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 11, 2018
Footnotes
Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Dr. Ki Jinn Chin is supported by a Merit Award from the Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto.
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
