Introduction
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis has proved to reduce the number of postoperative
infections. In cardiac surgery, the infections in the surgical site are found to be
around 0.4-4%. The most common bacterias causing surgical site infections in cardiac
surgery are gram-positive.
Our aim in to guide the reader in the decision of choosing the most adequate Perioperative
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in each patient according to their characteristics and their
environment.
Methods
The most recent bibliography was reviewed searching the most common antibiotics used
in perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in cardiac surgery. A bibliographic search
was carried out in the PubMed-MEDLINE database. A peer review was performed and a
total of 4 references of more than 30 were selected.
Results
There is no difference in the Surgical Site Infections between the use of 1st generation
of Cephalosporin or Glycopeptides such as Vancomycin or Teicoplanin. On the other
hand, 1st generation of Cephalosporin reduces the incidence of infections produced
by Staphylococcus. Nevertheless, Glycopeptides are better at avoiding infection produced
by Staphylococcus and Enterococcus resistant than Cephalosporin.
Discussion
Choosing Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis must be individualized according to
the bacterial flora in the environment, the different characteristics of the patients,
and the type of cardiac surgery. Also, a high incidence of Staphylococcus Aureus methicillin-resistant
must receive prophylaxis with Vancomycin and a second antibiotic should be considered.
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Copyright
© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.
