Objectives
To compare the effects of 3 ventilation strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
on arterial oxygenation and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).
Design
A prospective, randomized, controlled study.
Setting
A single-center tertiary teaching hospital.
Participants
One hundred twenty pediatric patients undergoing elective repair of congenital acyanotic
heart diseases with CPB.
Interventions
Patients were assigned randomly into 3 groups according to ventilation strategy during
CPB as follows: (1) no mechanical ventilation (NOV), (2) continuous positive airway
pressure (CPAP) of 5 cmH2O, (3) low tidal volume (LTV), pressure controlled ventilation (PCV), respiratory
rate (RR) 20-to-30/min, and peak inspiratory pressure adjusted to keep tidal volume
(Vt) 2 mL/kg.
Measurements and Main Results
The PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) ratio and PaO2 were higher in the 5 minutes postbypass period in the LTV group but were nonsignificant.
The PaO2/FIO2 ratio and PaO2 were significant after chest closure and 1 hour after arrival to the intensive care
unit with a higher PaO2/FIO2 ratio and PaO2 in the LTV group. Regarding the oxygenation index, the LTV group was superior to
the NOV group at the 3 time points, with lower values in the LTV group. There were
no significant differences in the predictive indices among the 3 groups, including
the extubation time, and postoperative intensive care unit stays days. The incidence
of PPCs did not significantly differ among the 3 groups.
Conclusions
Maintaining ventilation during CPB was associated with better oxygenation and did
not reduce the incidence of PPCs in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 31, 2022
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